(S)-(+)-3-Hydroxytetrahydrofuran stands out as a notable chiral building block used in the synthesis of various bioactive compounds and advanced pharmaceutical intermediates. This colorless, low-melting solid demonstrates unique physical and chemical properties that influence its widespread demand in organic synthesis laboratories, pharmaceutical R&D, and commercial-scale specialty manufacturing. Chemists recognize (S)-(+)-3-Hydroxytetrahydrofuran as a reliable raw material for enantioselective synthesis, thanks to its well-defined stereochemistry that ensures consistency in downstream reactions and final product properties. Through years spent in chemical laboratories, reliance on pure stereoisomers has repeatedly proven crucial for both efficacy and safety in drug development and specialty chemicals, making this compound more than just a lab curiosity.
In its pure form, (S)-(+)-3-Hydroxytetrahydrofuran typically appears as white crystals or crystalline flakes, although it can be gently warmed to form a viscous liquid. This material delivers a molecular formula of C4H8O2, with a precise molecular weight of 88.11 g/mol. The density averages about 1.1 g/cm3 at 25°C, falling into the moderate range expected of low molecular weight oxygenated heterocycles. This chemical remains soluble in water and common organic solvents, opening the door for straightforward incorporation into a range of solution-based reactions. In the lab, material consistency means fewer surprises, such as variable yields or impurity spikes, which directly improves safety and workflow speed.
The four-carbon tetrahydrofuran ring with a single hydroxyl substitution at the 3-position gives this molecule not only its chiral properties but also its unique reactivity patterns. Stereochemical purity in the (S)-enantiomer provides control during asymmetric reactions, making it a powerful agent for introducing enantiomerically pure fragments into medicines and advanced materials. Researchers pay close attention to this aspect: many drugs fail late-stage assessments due to incorrect or mixed stereochemistry. As such, maintaining predictable access to a clean, well-characterized (S)-(+)-3-Hydroxytetrahydrofuran source can offer significant competitive advantages in both lab and industrial research settings.
Producers often supply (S)-(+)-3-Hydroxytetrahydrofuran at greater than 98% chemical purity and enantiomeric excess, delivered most frequently as flakes, crystals, or a viscous solution, depending on the intended use. Its CAS number, 86845-23-4, enables clear differentiation from its structural analogues and racemic mixtures. This compound supports use in gram to multi-kilogram scales, where precise purity and documented provenance remain crucial. The specific rotation, a key measure for stereochemical integrity, usually sits within a tight range, readily confirmed through polarimetric quality control. I’ve relied on such specs myself, knowing that even a half-degree deviation can stall a synthesis and waste valuable resources.
Chemical imports, exports, and regulatory records commonly reference the Harmonized System (HS) code 293219, which covers heterocyclic compounds with oxygen heteroatom(s) only. Proper HS code identification streamlines customs clearance for global shipping, and documented compliance reassures both suppliers and end-users about material traceability. Large-scale chemical buyers place high importance on transparent supply chains, given the impact on both final product quality and risk management policies.
(S)-(+)-3-Hydroxytetrahydrofuran comes packaged based on order size and end use. Small batches for laboratory research may arrive in sealed glass bottles as solid crystalline material or as powder, pearls, or even an oily liquid, well protected from light and moisture. Larger lots, destined for process development or scale-up facilities, are often supplied in HDPE drums or steel containers, with strict attention to chemical compatibility and safety labeling. From experience, poor packaging can lead to moisture uptake, loss of material, or even degradation—which not only costs money but creates dangerous by-products.
Like most low-molecular-weight ethers, (S)-(+)-3-Hydroxytetrahydrofuran warrants respect in the laboratory and factory. Its volatility remains lower than diethyl ether, which means a lower flammability risk, but safe storage in well-ventilated areas remains a standard request. Contact with skin or eyes can cause irritation, and inhalation of dust or vapors should be minimized with the use of chemical fume hoods and personal protective equipment. Users and suppliers pay close attention to hazard data specified in SDS sheets; incorrect handling means increased risk of harmful exposure or contamination. In high-throughput research or pilot plants, a single misstep with solvent-resistant gloves, eye shields, or fume extraction can quickly escalate. Training matters as much as raw chemical purity here, and every facility should review exposure and fire protocols on a regular basis.
Ethical, traceable sourcing of the basic feedstocks for (S)-(+)-3-Hydroxytetrahydrofuran can impact both quality and corporate responsibility. As green chemistry initiatives expand, some manufacturers have begun updating their synthesis routes, seeking to reduce waste, avoid hazardous reagents, and opt for renewable raw materials wherever possible. Supply chains with robust documentation appeal to brands aiming for sustainability certifications. I’ve seen projects rejected outright—not for technical flaws, but for lack of environmental transparency on inputs. Interested buyers should insist on full COA and sustainability disclosures from their suppliers.
Industries ranging from pharmaceuticals to agrichemicals rely on (S)-(+)-3-Hydroxytetrahydrofuran to introduce controlled asymmetry in target molecules. Its role as a raw material in synthesizing drugs, fine chemicals, and specialty materials links directly to innovation speed in those sectors. Reactions that once took days or weeks with mixed stereochemistry now proceed with improved accuracy and fewer steps—a productivity boost with tangible financial benefits. Stable supply and documented properties take on added importance as more sectors develop new chiral products to meet regulatory or therapeutic guidelines.
Safe and lawful disposal remains a shared responsibility. Waste containing (S)-(+)-3-Hydroxytetrahydrofuran should not enter regular trash systems or watercourses due to potential environmental and health effects. Licensed chemical waste treatment and incineration offer the safest routes. Adherence to government regulations, such as those from the EPA and REACH, reduces the risk of contaminating ecosystems or running afoul of legal liabilities. Organizations invest in onsite solvent recovery, not just for environmental and legal reasons, but because solvent reclamation can trim raw material costs dramatically over time. Everyone from bench chemists to operations leads must know and follow best practices.
