3,4-Difluoroaniline stands out as a specialty chemical with the molecular formula C6H5F2N. Often sourced in its pure form as a translucent to pale yellow liquid, buyers in the chemical industry seek this compound for both research and production work. Its International Harmonized System (HS) Code, 29214200, signals its place among aromatic monoamines—a core group with wide-ranging utility. A close examination of the molecular structure reveals a benzene ring substituted by two fluorine atoms at the 3- and 4- positions, along with an amine group at the 1-position. This specific arrangement grants the molecule distinct reactivity and stability, paving the way for use in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty organic materials.
This compound presents in multiple product forms: most frequently seen as a clear to lightly colored liquid but sometimes encountered as a solid, particularly in lower temperature storage. Crystalline flakes, powder, pearls, and even solution blends appear across suppliers, making it adaptable for various production environments. With a molar mass of 129.11 g/mol and a boiling point often recorded near 181°C, 3,4-Difluoroaniline requires careful thermal management. Density typically ranges around 1.237 g/cm³. Its vapor carries a faint, characteristic aromatic odor, a trait shared by many substituted anilines.
For chemists, the dual presence of fluorine atoms increases the molecule’s chemical resistance and influences solubility. Chemical engineers know first-hand how fluorinated aromatics demand workflow adjustments due to the stability those halogen substituents bring. Heat transfer, mixing speed, and ventilation requirements all shift when 3,4-Difluoroaniline enters the production queue, especially in fine chemicals or dyes where the right starting material can make or break a process.
The molecular structure directly governs reactivity in synthesis routes. Two fluorine atoms next to each other on the benzene core confer electron-withdrawing effects, inhibiting some routes while encouraging others. Amine functionality remains available for coupling, reduction, or acylation reactions. Organic chemists prize it for making advanced intermediates—both in small and large scales. For me, navigating the synthetic maze of custom molecules often starts with a structural analogue like this, allowing for tweaks that enhance performance or safety in later products.
Use in pharmaceutical development shows up in both commercial APIs and research compounds. Fluoroaromatics such as 3,4-Difluoroaniline become building blocks for molecules designed to resist metabolic breakdown or boost target selectivity. Material scientists use this intermediate when developing fluorinated polymers with improved heat resistance or chemical durability. In agriculture, the compound turns up in pathways toward more effective crop protection solutions, with the fluorine substitutions shaping both efficacy and environmental persistence.
Quality matters with 3,4-Difluoroaniline, because even minor impurities can introduce hazards or derail multi-step syntheses. Typical specifications include a minimum purity above 98%, low water content, and limited heavy metal contamination. Safety data sheets spell out melting and boiling points, vapor pressure, autoignition temperature, and storage recommendations. Both bulk and laboratory-scale users rely on reliable density readings and chemical resistance tables before they commit this compound to larger batch runs.
Safety calls for up-to-date data and a practical appreciation of risk. Like other aniline derivatives, 3,4-Difluoroaniline can present health hazards. Inhalation and skin contact both pose risks, so effective fume extraction and the right protective gloves stay standard in any setting. Its liquid form offers ease of dosing but spills will demand swift cleanup. Users need clear labeling and good ventilation, both in storage and processing, to limit acute exposures. Personal experience shows that experienced operators keep calcium carbonate or other neutralizing agents on hand, just in case of leaks or accidental mixing. Transport and storage get governed by regulation, and shipping in UN-approved containers helps safeguard both handlers and the environment.
Toxicological studies point out that 3,4-Difluoroaniline disrupts enzymes in mammals, with potential harmful effects if mishandled. Overexposure leads to symptoms ranging from headaches or nausea to more severe nervous system impacts—so the wearing of protective eyeglasses and splash-resistant clothing isn’t just for show. Waste disposal can’t skip proper treatment; direct discharge into water or soil spreads risk beyond the lab. Laboratories and factories bear responsibility for incinerating or treating waste streams in line with legal frameworks. Meanwhile, regular training for all staff helps reinforce good hygiene and accident prevention.
This chemical finds its way into larger manufacturing chains as an essential raw material. There’s competition among suppliers, given the global nature of pharma and chemical markets. Early identification of a reliable supply chain steers clear of quality or logistic pitfalls later down the line. From sourcing in kilogram preps for research batches to multi-ton deliveries for contract manufacturing, raw materials like 3,4-Difluoroaniline dictate downstream productivity and compliance.
Balancing benefits and safety will shape ongoing use. Companies invest in improved ventilation and modern monitoring to cut down on worker exposure. Some R&D teams keep an eye on greener synthesis options, targeting lower energy inputs or reduced hazardous waste. Substitution only works where performance isn’t sacrificed, so each process calls for its own risk assessment. Personally, regular team huddles on chemical handling, proper use of PPE, and emergency procedures have paid off more than any one-off compliance check—the same applies industry-wide.
