2-Fluorobenzonitrile belongs to the family of aromatic nitriles, known for the presence of both a nitrile group and fluorine atom attached to a benzene ring. The molecular formula is C7H4FN, with a structure showing the nitrile group at the first position and fluorine at the ortho or second position on the aromatic ring. This material plays a core role in chemical manufacturing sectors, especially as a raw material in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty chemicals used for dyes, pigments, and polymers.
A close look at the molecular structure reveals a benzene ring bonded to a cyano group (–CN) and a fluorine atom. This specific arrangement gives the molecule particular reactivity and stability, benefiting certain types of organic synthesis. 2-Fluorobenzonitrile is often recognized by its HS Code 2926909090, flagged within trade systems as an organic compound used for industrial intermediate synthesis.
2-Fluorobenzonitrile often appears as a colorless to pale yellow solid at room temperature. In my experience handling similar nitriles, the substance may form fine flakes, powder, or crystalline structures—occasionally pearlescent if the production process allows such morphology. These physical forms can impact solubility and reaction rates during further chemical processing. Specific density is typically measured around 1.16 g/cm³. Melting point hovers near 28–30°C, while the boiling point sits close to 200°C, which informs safe storage and transport. Though it can melt into a liquid at slightly elevated temperatures, its solid state dominates at standard conditions. Material in solution—usually dissolved using polar organic solvents—offers increased versatility during lab or factory-scale synthesis.
The combination of a fluorine atom and cyano group gives 2-Fluorobenzonitrile properties expected of halogenated aromatics: modest polarity, good chemical stability, and susceptibility to nucleophilic aromatic substitution under proper conditions. From my laboratory work, even trace moisture needs attention, as some reactivity can occur, although the nitrile group itself stays largely inert. The compound is not considered highly volatile or water-soluble; most chemists find it straightforward to work with under fume hoods and closed systems, provided safe handling practices are followed. The toxicological profile warns of harmful effects if inhaled or absorbed through the skin, as with other nitriles. Eyes, respiratory system, and skin require full protection—goggles, gloves, lab coats, and sometimes respirator systems in poorly ventilated areas. Risks of cyanide poisoning rise mainly in cases where the structure breaks down or burns, so fire risks demand special attention. From experience, standard firefighting agents should be nearby, but never let personnel re-enter contaminated areas without respiratory gear.
As a specialty raw material, 2-Fluorobenzonitrile typically comes with high purity guarantees thanks to rigorous analytical verification—high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), and mass spectrometry (MS) output data guide purchase agreements. Impurity content, melting and boiling point range, and water content generally shape specification sheets. Producers target forms tailored to downstream needs: crystalline material for lab use, free-flowing powder for automated dispensing, sometimes flakes or solid lumps that break easily for industrial scale reactors. Packing usually occurs in airtight glass or high-density polyethylene containers with desiccant support to prevent moisture pickup, avoiding contamination and ensuring consistent reactivity.
2-Fluorobenzonitrile requires cool, dry storage environments, away from heat sources and incompatible chemicals such as strong acids, oxidizers, or bases that could provoke dangerous reactions. Most incidents involve poor ventilation or incorrect waste disposal. Experienced operators ensure all equipment is rated for corrosive and toxic vapors; double-sealed packaging minimizes both leaks and worker exposure. Environmental regulations flag the chemical for hazardous material status, demanding secondary containment and clear spill protocols. During transport, UN identification numbers and hazard class labeling lead emergency services to proper response. Spills need immediate containment with inert absorbents, and trained personnel must oversee all cleanup. Disposal follows hazardous waste codes, with incineration at approved facilities to destroy cyanide intermediates and fluorinated fragments, both noted for their environmental persistence.
Every lab and manufacturer handling 2-Fluorobenzonitrile faces choices about risk reduction and sustainability. Switches to closed system processing, improved personal protective equipment, and comprehensive worker training cut accidental exposure risks. Substitution of greener alternatives stays limited—the unique reactivity of the ortho-fluoro group and cyano functionality is hard to match for certain syntheses. Industry-wide, producers continue to invest in containment and waste capture technology to keep emissions and accidental discharges in check. On the research side, firms investigate less toxic nitrile production methods—using renewable solvents, for example, or catalytic systems generating less toxic waste. No one solution replaces vigilance; long-term success in handling hazardous chemicals like 2-Fluorobenzonitrile depends on responsible sourcing, constant education, and the steady improvement of process safety standards.
Chemical Name: 2-Fluorobenzonitrile
Molecular Formula: C7H4FN
Molecular Weight: 121.11 g/mol
Structure: Benzene ring, ortho-fluorine, para-cyano group
HS Code: 2926909090
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow solid, flakes, powder, crystals, pearls, or as a solution
Density: Approx. 1.16 g/cm³
Melting Point: 28–30°C
Boiling Point: Around 200°C
Solubility: Low in water, soluble in polar organic solvents
Hazards: Harmful by inhalation, skin, and eye contact; toxic combustion or decomposition products
Raw Material Use: Intermediate in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes
Storage: Tightly sealed, cool, dry place, away from heat and incompatible materials
Packing: Glass or HDPE containers with desiccant, secondary containment for bulk transport
