1-Bromo-4-ethylbenzene brings together two distinctive groups on a benzene ring structure: a bromine atom and an ethyl group, positioned on opposite sides. This arrangement leads to the chemical formula C8H9Br. Known by several synonyms, such as 4-ethylbromobenzene or p-ethylbromobenzene, the compound serves in industrial and research applications. The structure, with the bromine at position one and the ethyl at position four, offers a foundation for a range of organic synthesis reactions. Production typically relies on selective bromination and subsequent alkylation processes.
The material commonly exists as a clear to pale yellow liquid at room temperature, with a noticeable aromatic odor familiar to those working with brominated organics. Its melting point lands near -23°C, meaning it remains easily manageable under normal conditions without freezing. Boiling point is close to 228-230°C, a high value reflecting the impact of bromine on thermal stability. Check for a density of 1.32-1.35 g/cm³ at 20°C, indicating that it weighs considerably more than water for the same volume. Pure solid samples form colorless crystalline flakes, though most users never see it apart from its liquid form.
The molecular layout features a benzene ring at its center, with an ethyl (–C2H5) group and a bromine (–Br) sitting at the para- and ortho- positions. This symmetry gives rise to distinctive reactivity and makes it valuable as an intermediate in the preparation of more complex aromatic compounds. The empirical formula, C8H9Br, matches the structure when drawn out: six ring carbons, two ethyl carbons, a single bromine, and the necessary hydrogens at each free carbon.
The international Harmonized System (HS) code for this compound is 2903699090, designated for brominated aromatic derivatives. Purity grades stretch from technical (typically near 97%) to high-purity options exceeding 99%. Buyers should review accompanying certification on density, boiling range, and appearance for assurance. Sourcing raw materials remains straightforward: bromobenzene and ethylbenzene serve as principal substrates, sometimes through direct substitution methods in labs focused on scale and safety.
Density sits appreciably above one gram per cubic centimeter, due to the heavy bromine atom. This property becomes significant during handling, as the substance sinks in water and can layer with other immiscible liquids. The compound comes packed as a liquid, though it may occasionally be seen as crystalline flakes if cooled below its melting point. Users also encounter it in sample vials or drums, with volumes spanning from milliliters up to full liters for industrial operations. No powder, pearls, or solid blocks are standard, though refrigeration may yield small crystals over time.
1-Bromo-4-ethylbenzene falls into hazardous categories under chemical safety guidelines due to its irritating properties. Contact with the liquid can provoke eye or skin irritation; inhaling vapors brings headache and respiratory symptoms in poorly ventilated environments. Safety data sheets suggest using gloves, goggles, and fume extraction when decanting or transferring. Spilled material requires careful cleanup—avoid drains and waterways since organobromides linger in the environment, posing risks to aquatic life. Fires involving this chemical produce dense, toxic smoke containing hydrogen bromide and more complex aromatics, so fire crews must employ specific extinguishing agents.
Major uses trace back to the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemical ingredients, and specialty polymers. Its aryl bromide function enables versatile transformations, from coupling reactions to substitutions with a variety of nucleophiles. In some labs, it acts as a benchmark for studying mechanisms in organic chemistry courses; in larger operations, it becomes a scalable feedstock for both fine chemicals and advanced intermediates in research and manufacture. Polymer manufacturers sometimes leverage this compound to introduce bromine-based flame retardancy.
Transport requires clear labelling under hazardous materials rules, with drums or bottles secured against tipping and protected from heat sources. In warehouses, storage in flammable liquid cabinets or cool rooms reduces risk, especially during hot months. Workers best approach this chemical with a focus on ventilation and minimizing spills—routine checks help prevent accidental releases. Emergency response plans need to cover both personal protection and environmental containment, as regulatory bodies have tightened oversight around organobromine agents over the past decade.
Current debate in industry circles revolves around balancing unique reactivity against environmental persistence. Research continues into greener substitutions as well as containment strategies. Still, as long as the world asks for specialized aromas or medical ingredients where brominated rings play a role, 1-Bromo-4-ethylbenzene will remain a crucial part of the supply chain. Industry stakeholders can improve outcomes by careful waste handling, periodic risk assessments, and supporting recycling programs for laboratory solvents and residues.
